Java IO知识体系详解

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FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);

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//递归地列出一个目录下所有文件:
public static void listAllFiles(File dir) {
    if (dir == null || !dir.exists()) {
        return;
    }
    if (dir.isFile()) {
        System.out.println(dir.getName());
        return;
    }
    for (File file : dir.listFiles()) {
        listAllFiles(file);
    }
}

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public static void copyFile(String src, String dist) throws IOException {
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(src);
    FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dist);
    byte[] buffer = new byte[20 * 1024];

    // read() 最多读取 buffer.length 个字节
    // 返回的是实际读取的个数
    // 返回 -1 的时候表示读到 eof，即文件尾
    while (in.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length) != -1) {
        out.write(buffer);
    }

    in.close();
    out.close();
}

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//实现逐行输出文本文件的内容
public static void readFileContent(String filePath) throws IOException {
    FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
    BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);

    String line;
    while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
        System.out.println(line);
    }

    // 装饰者模式使得 BufferedReader 组合了一个 Reader 对象
    // 在调用 BufferedReader 的 close() 方法时会去调用 Reader 的 close() 方法
    // 因此只要一个 close() 调用即可
    bufferedReader.close();
}

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public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    A a1 = new A(123, "abc");
    String objectFile = "file/a1";
    ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(objectFile));
    objectOutputStream.writeObject(a1);
    objectOutputStream.close();

    ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(objectFile));
    A a2 = (A) objectInputStream.readObject();
    objectInputStream.close();
    System.out.println(a2);
}

private static class A implements Serializable {
    private int x;
    private String y;

    A(int x, String y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "x = " + x + "  " + "y = " + y;
    }
}

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/**
* InetAddress 
* 没有公有的构造函数，只能通过静态方法来创建实例。
*/
InetAddress.getByName(String host);
InetAddress.getByAddress(byte[] address);

/**
* URL 
* 可以直接从 URL 中读取字节流数据。
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");

    /* 字节流 */
    InputStream is = url.openStream();

    /* 字符流 */
    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "utf-8");

    /* 提供缓存功能 */
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

    String line;
    while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
        System.out.println(line);
    }

    br.close();
}

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public static void fastCopy(String src, String dist) throws IOException {
    /* 获得源文件的输入字节流 */
    FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(src);

    /* 获取输入字节流的文件通道 */
    FileChannel fcin = fin.getChannel();

    /* 获取目标文件的输出字节流 */
    FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(dist);

    /* 获取输出字节流的通道 */
    FileChannel fcout = fout.getChannel();

    /* 为缓冲区分配 1024 个字节 */
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);

    while (true) {

        /* 从输入通道中读取数据到缓冲区中 */
        int r = fcin.read(buffer);

        /* read() 返回 -1 表示 EOF */
        if (r == -1) {
            break;
        }

        /* 切换读写 */
        buffer.flip();

        /* 把缓冲区的内容写入输出文件中 */
        fcout.write(buffer);
        
        /* 清空缓冲区 */
        buffer.clear();
    }
}

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public class NIOServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Selector selector = Selector.open();

        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        ServerSocket serverSocket = ssChannel.socket();
        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8888);
        serverSocket.bind(address);

        while (true) {

            selector.select();
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();

            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {

                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();

                if (key.isAcceptable()) {

                    ServerSocketChannel ssChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();

                    // 服务器会为每个新连接创建一个 SocketChannel
                    SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel1.accept();
                    sChannel.configureBlocking(false);

                    // 这个新连接主要用于从客户端读取数据
                    sChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);

                } else if (key.isReadable()) {

                    SocketChannel sChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                    System.out.println(readDataFromSocketChannel(sChannel));
                    sChannel.close();
                }

                keyIterator.remove();
            }
        }
    }

    private static String readDataFromSocketChannel(SocketChannel sChannel) throws IOException {

        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder();

        while (true) {

            buffer.clear();
            int n = sChannel.read(buffer);
            if (n == -1) {
                break;
            }
            buffer.flip();
            int limit = buffer.limit();
            char[] dst = new char[limit];
            for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
                dst[i] = (char) buffer.get(i);
            }
            data.append(dst);
            buffer.clear();
        }
        return data.toString();
    }
}

public class NIOClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
        OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
        String s = "hello world";
        out.write(s.getBytes());
        out.close();
    }
}