AQS代码分析

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private volatile int state;//共享变量，使用volatile修饰保证线程可见性

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
	...
	final void lock() {
		if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
			setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
		else
			acquire(1);
	}
  ...
}

// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
public final void acquire(int arg) {
	if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
		selfInterrupt();
}

// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
	throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
	Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
	// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
	Node pred = tail;
	if (pred != null) {
		node.prev = pred;
		if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
			pred.next = node;
			return node;
		}
	}
	enq(node);
	return node;
}
private final boolean compareAndSetTail(Node expect, Node update) {
	return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, tailOffset, expect, update);
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
private Node enq(final Node node) {
	for (;;) {
		Node t = tail;
		if (t == null) { // Must initialize
			if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
				tail = head;
		} else {
			node.prev = t;
			if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
				t.next = node;
				return t;
			}
		}
	}
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
public final void acquire(int arg) {
	if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
		selfInterrupt();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
	// 标记是否成功拿到资源
	boolean failed = true;
	try {
		// 标记等待过程中是否中断过
		boolean interrupted = false;
		// 开始自旋，要么获取锁，要么中断
		for (;;) {
			// 获取当前节点的前驱节点
			final Node p = node.predecessor();
			// 如果p是头结点，说明当前节点在真实数据队列的首部，就尝试获取锁（别忘了头结点是虚节点）
			if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
				// 获取锁成功，头指针移动到当前node
				setHead(node);
				p.next = null; // help GC
				failed = false;
				return interrupted;
			}
			// 说明p为头节点且当前没有获取到锁（可能是非公平锁被抢占了）或者是p不为头结点，这个时候就要判断当前node是否要被阻塞（被阻塞条件：前驱节点的waitStatus为-1），防止无限循环浪费资源。具体两个方法下面细细分析
			if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())
				interrupted = true;
		}
	} finally {
		if (failed)
			cancelAcquire(node);
	}
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
private void setHead(Node node) {
	head = node;
	node.thread = null;
	node.prev = null;
}

// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
// 靠前驱节点判断当前线程是否应该被阻塞
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
	// 获取头结点的节点状态
	int ws = pred.waitStatus;
	// 说明头结点处于唤醒状态
	if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
		return true; 
	// 通过枚举值我们知道waitStatus>0是取消状态
	if (ws > 0) {
		do {
			// 循环向前查找取消节点，把取消节点从队列中剔除
			node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
		} while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
		pred.next = node;
	} else {
		// 设置前任节点等待状态为SIGNAL
		compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
	}
	return false;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
    LockSupport.park(this);
    return Thread.interrupted();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
	boolean failed = true;
	try {
    ...
		for (;;) {
			final Node p = node.predecessor();
			if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
				...
				failed = false;
        ...
			}
			...
	} finally {
		if (failed)
			cancelAcquire(node);
		}
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
  // 将无效节点过滤
	if (node == null)
		return;
  // 设置该节点不关联任何线程，也就是虚节点
	node.thread = null;
	Node pred = node.prev;
  // 通过前驱节点，跳过取消状态的node
	while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
		node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
  // 获取过滤后的前驱节点的后继节点
	Node predNext = pred.next;
  // 把当前node的状态设置为CANCELLED
	node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
  // 如果当前节点是尾节点，将从后往前的第一个非取消状态的节点设置为尾节点
  // 更新失败的话，则进入else，如果更新成功，将tail的后继节点设置为null
	if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
		compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
	} else {
		int ws;
    // 如果当前节点不是head的后继节点，1:判断当前节点前驱节点的是否为SIGNAL，2:如果不是，则把前驱节点设置为SINGAL看是否成功
    // 如果1和2中有一个为true，再判断当前节点的线程是否为null
    // 如果上述条件都满足，把当前节点的前驱节点的后继指针指向当前节点的后继节点
		if (pred != head && ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL || (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) && pred.thread != null) {
			Node next = node.next;
			if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
				compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
		} else {
      // 如果当前节点是head的后继节点，或者上述条件不满足，那就唤醒当前节点的后继节点
			unparkSuccessor(node);
		}
		node.next = node; // help GC
	}
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock
public void unlock() {
	sync.release(1);
}

// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
// 可以看到，本质释放锁的地方，是通过框架来完成的。
public final boolean release(int arg) {
	if (tryRelease(arg)) {
		Node h = head;
		if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
			unparkSuccessor(h);
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

//在ReentrantLock里面的公平锁和非公平锁的父类Sync定义了可重入锁的释放锁机制。
// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.Sync
// 方法返回当前锁是不是没有被线程持有
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
	// 减少可重入次数
	int c = getState() - releases;
	// 当前线程不是持有锁的线程，抛出异常
	if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
		throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
	boolean free = false;
	// 如果持有线程全部释放，将当前独占锁所有线程设置为null，并更新state
	if (c == 0) {
		free = true;
		setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
	}
	setState(c);
	return free;
}

// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
public final boolean release(int arg) {
	// 上边自定义的tryRelease如果返回true，说明该锁没有被任何线程持有
	if (tryRelease(arg)) {
		// 获取头结点
		Node h = head;
		// 头结点不为空并且头结点的waitStatus不是初始化节点情况，解除线程挂起状态
		if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
			unparkSuccessor(h);
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

//再看一下unparkSuccessor方法
// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
	// 获取头结点waitStatus
	int ws = node.waitStatus;
	if (ws < 0)
		compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
	// 获取当前节点的下一个节点
	Node s = node.next;
	// 如果下个节点是null或者下个节点被cancelled，就找到队列最开始的非cancelled的节点
	if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
		s = null;
		// 就从尾部节点开始找，到队首，找到队列第一个waitStatus<0的节点。
		for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
			if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
				s = t;
	}
	// 如果当前节点的下个节点不为空，而且状态<=0，就把当前节点unpark
	if (s != null)
		LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}

// 为什么要从后往前找第一个非Cancelled的节点呢？原因如下。
// 之前的addWaiter方法：
// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
	Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
	// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
	Node pred = tail;
	if (pred != null) {
		node.prev = pred;
		if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
			pred.next = node;
			return node;
		}
	}
	enq(node);
	return node;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
	LockSupport.park(this);
	return Thread.interrupted();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
	boolean failed = true;
	try {
		boolean interrupted = false;
		for (;;) {
			final Node p = node.predecessor();
			if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
				setHead(node);
				p.next = null; // help GC
				failed = false;
				return interrupted;
			}
			if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())
				interrupted = true;
			}
	} finally {
		if (failed)
			cancelAcquire(node);
	}
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
static void selfInterrupt() {
	Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}